- Francos Deported

The Francos, Jewish merchants who had immigrated from Italy, are deported from Aleppo in retaliation for the Italian invasion of Libya during the Italo-Turkish war in 1911-1912. They are later permitted to return, but face deportation again three years later when Italy declared war on the Ottoman Empire in World War I. By the end of the war, very few Francos remain in Aleppo, and those who do lack the influence and authority they had enjoyed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

(Image of the Picciotto family tree, one of the most prominent Franco families in Aleppo.)